Beaches and dunes are located between the water and the land, and consist of a diverse material. They constitute a protective zone against storm waves and wind. The effectiveness of this protection is determined by: the size and width, angle of inclination and shape of the beach – the wider the beach, the more effective protection against all kinds of threats. The sand dunes are shaped by the wind that transports sand, which stops on obstacles (it may be vegetation), so it does not reach inland. The shape of the dunes and beaches varies depending on the season.
The destruction of natural beaches occurs as a result of progressive urbanization, destruction of dune vegetation by people or as a result of erosion.
Reconstruction of the dunes consists in adding sand and planting vegetation that will keep the sand in a specific space.
An example of revitalization of coastal dunes at Portowa St., Hel
Example:
Renovation of the dunes at South Seaside Park, New Jersey, was carried out with the help of volunteers who annually participate in planting the dunes with grass stabilizing the sand that builds them. The removal of the dunes contributed to large losses (and bank erosion) after the 1992 hurricane. Reconstruction contributed to the protection of the city during the Hurricane Sandy. It is worth noting that earlier the dunes were removed to “improve” the view of the ocean.
http://nrcsolutions.org/beaches-and-dunes/
http://nrcsolutions.org/restoring-coastal-features-beaches-and-dunes-marshes-mangroves/
http://nrcsolutions.org/dune-restoration-south-seaside-park-nj/